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Research findings from Medscreen, based on drug testing carried out over the last ten years across a variety of professions, reveal that there has been a 3,000 per cent increase in the number of workers testing positive for cocaine. More than five per cent of workers tested are now failing drug tests.
Any form of substance abuse amongst staff can be costly for a business, resulting in a decrease in productivity and increased absenteeism, as well as increasing the likelihood of accidents and injuries. The failure to identify and deal with a problem is an unnecessary risk for businesses.
The Law
The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 makes it an offence for any person to permit the production, supply or use of controlled drugs or substances on their premises, unless they have been prescribed by a doctor.
Employers also have a general duty under health and safety legislation to ensure, as far as is reasonably practicable, the health and safety and welfare at work of their employees and to make sure that no one else is put at risk as a result of the work activities of an employee.
Under the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations employers have a duty to assess the risks to the health and safety of their employees. If you knowingly allow an employee to carry on working whilst under the influence of drugs and this puts others at risk, you could be prosecuted.
In addition, health and safety law applies to driving activities as it does to other work activities and the risks must be managed accordingly. Drivers must not be under the influence of drugs while driving, attempting to drive or when they are in charge of a vehicle.
What to Look Out For
Possible signs of drug misuse include:
• impaired performance such as lack of concentration, a tendency to become confused and poor judgement;
• sudden mood changes and unpredictable behaviour;
• poor time-keeping;
• unusual irritability and deteriorating relationships with others;
• lower personal standards – self-neglect;
• increased time off work;
• dishonesty and theft.
There may, of course, be other reasons for such behaviour patterns but it is sensible to consider the possibility that misuse of drugs could be the cause.
What to Do
Even if you are confident that your business does not currently have a problem, drug misuse that affects the workplace is a growing threat. It is advisable to have an agreed, written policy setting out the company’s position.
Employees should be well informed as to the policy and know that it applies to everyone in the company. It should form part of your overall health and safety policy. Make sure you consult with employees and with safety representatives.
The policy should include a definition of drug misuse, have clearly stated aims, name the persons responsible for carrying out the policy and give clear guidelines as to what employees must do to comply with the rules.
If an employee suffers from drug addiction, you should support them, not punish them. Offer them counselling and encourage them to seek voluntary help. Addiction could be viewed as an illness in an unfair dismissal case so disciplinary procedures may not be appropriate. The policy should contain a statement assuring employees that problems will be dealt with in confidence, subject to the provisions of the law. It should, however, be made clear that a breach of the law (for example the possession of or dealing in drugs at work) will be reported to the police immediately. Make clear the circumstances in which disciplinary action will be taken.
It is important to train key staff to be aware of the signs of drug misuse and how to handle the situation sensitively.
Review your policy regularly and check that it is widely understood. If you have a staff handbook, it should contain details of the policy. Make awareness of the policy a part of the induction programme for new employees.
Where it is justified, some employers screen employees for illegal substances as part of their drug policy, particularly in safety critical industries. With the widespread advance in non-intrusive methods of testing, this is likely to become more common. However, this is a very sensitive area because of the legal issues involved and we would recommend you take advice to ensure there is no breach of your employees’ rights. Also, the results of any drug tests must be handled in accordance with the Data Protection Act 1998.
Introducing a drugs policy will constitute a variation of your employees’ contracts of employment so changes should be discussed with them in advance. If you would like advice on this or require assistance drawing up a policy tailored to the needs of your company, we can help.